What underlying strains do juvenile offenders identify as contributing to the rise of gangs?

The identification of high unemployment and an atmosphere of discrimination as underlying strains contributing to the rise of gangs reflects a deeper social context that impacts juvenile offenders. These factors often lead to feelings of frustration, isolation, and a lack of opportunity among young individuals. High unemployment can mean fewer chances for legitimate employment, pushing some youth towards gangs as a means of economic survival or social validation. Similarly, discrimination—whether based on race, economic status, or other factors—can alienate youths from mainstream society, making gang affiliation appear to be a more suitable or appealing outlet for identity and belonging.

In contrast, options that mention high education levels, strong family bonds, or low crime rates do not typically correlate with gang involvement. Positive community environments generally foster resilience among youth and deter gang participation, while plentiful job opportunities would likely reduce the incentive to join gangs as individuals would have alternative paths for success. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes the socioeconomic and psychological pressures that can drive juveniles towards gang affiliation.